我国生活用水公平问题研究

Discussion on Evaluating the Fairness of Domestic Water Use in China

在世界各地普遍面临日益严峻水危机的情况下,如何保证有限水量公平分配,已成为我国发展民生水利的重要组成部分,直接关系到我国水资源可持续发展。论文结合现阶段我国基本水情,选择与人民生活密切相关的生活用水,提出一种按城镇生活用水和农村生活用水构建的二元结构模型来计算用水基尼系数,将其作为我国生活用水量分配的公平性判断。根据我国1980、1985、1990、1995、2000、2005年人口、用水定额、城镇生活用水、农村生活用水数据,计算了我国用水基尼系数变化过程。结果表明,我国居民生活用水基尼系数基本趋于稳定,用水总体趋于公平。但1980—2000年一直有增高的趋势。因此,在应对气候变化对我国用水安全的挑战中,必须对此引起重视,防患于未然。

Currently, many countries are facing the increasingly serious water scarcity problems around the world. Under such a situation, how to ensure fairness of water use for each person has become one of the important tasks for the Chinese government, which is directly related to sustainable development of water resources. In this paper, we give an introduction of the fairness of water use, then set up a model for calculating Gini coefficient to judge it, with the population growth, domestic water use and other data, we calculated the Gini coefficient for domestic water use. Results showed that with the elapse of time, the Gini coefficient for domestic water use present a decreasing trend, this means domestic water use is becoming more and more equitable. However, the trend of 1995 -2000 increased slowly, so it is necessary to pay attention to this possible disruptions.