走出历史的玩偶化——以古今对诸子百家的评论为例

Getting out of the Myths of History——Taking as an example ancient and modern comments on the philosophers and authors of the Warring States

近代以来,国人常以目的论历史观看待历史,即以今人的目标来衡量历史,要历史为现实负责,导致历史玩偶化。这集中表现在古人和今人对百家争鸣完全相反的评价上。此种做法不但曲解历史,而且对我们的现实生活有害无益。

Since the late Qing period, people used to regard history from a teleological view, claiming that history had been evolving towards certain goal that was defined by the observers, and use such an end as the criterion to evaluate the history, resulting in the history becoming dolls. This paper takes the example of the opposite evaluations towards the philosophers and authors of the Warring States by modern scholars and by traditional intellectuals to examine how history becomes dolls. And it is pointed out that such perspective not only distorts history, but also does harm to real life.