《文选》赋“鸟兽”类析——从借物造端到赋有“形似之目”

An Explanation of the Fu on Animals and Birds in Wenxuan

赋的"鸟兽"类,起先是咏物成分很少的借物造端的《服鸟鸟赋》之类;自祢正平《鹦鹉赋》借己说事,开启咏"自我"的示弱、示小风气;咏"自我"又有示贵、示大中示弱、示小风气,如鲍照《舞鹤赋》之类。赋的"鸟兽"类又有颂美之作,如颜延年《赭白马赋》之类,咏物赋有了宏大题材的意味,但可以称说的只是其写作技巧。咏物赋有讥讽一类,即借物讥人,发展为对人的攻击。上述的咏鸟兽赋作,由物到人,由人到物;而待发展到鲍照《舞鹤》之类,与己与人与社会都不即不离,最可谓即普适又特指,有着最广泛又最敏感的读者群。

The fu （descriptive prose） on animals and birds originally seldom made an issue of these. Since Mi Zhengping made an issue of himself in his fu ＇Parrot＇, a tradition of belittling oneself while eulogizing oneself was started. Some fu＇s on animals and birds were works of eulogizing beauty, such as Yah Yannian＇s ＇Reddish White Horse＇. Hence such fu found grand subject matter, but writing techniques were its only commendable point. The descriptive fu had a satirical subtype, the works of which makes use of the thing described to satirize people and which developed into works of personal attacks.