关于章惇历史定位的再认识——兼论苏轼与章惇几方面的异同

Recognition of Zhang Dun's Position in History

章惇在《宋史》中列名于《奸臣传,》在《元党籍》中列名于"为臣不忠曾任宰臣"者,但透过历史的重重迷雾可以发现,将章惇定位"奸臣"的依据是值得商榷的。以苏轼为参照系,虽然苏、章惇政治立场迥异,政治命运相反,却维持了长期的友谊,两人在政治操守、行政能力、性格诸方面有很多相似处。章惇之所以两面不讨好,取决于诸多复杂因素:既与章独相八年时的政治作为有关,也与北宋以后的政治变局有关,同时还与编撰者的价值取向有关,更与对忠奸问题的认知有关。

Zhang Dun, listed in the ＂Biography of Treacherous Court Officials＂ in ＂History of Song Dynasty＂, was commented as a ＂disloyal Prime Minister＂ in ＂Yuanyou Party＂. If we see through the mist of history, it is debatable to regard Zhang Dun as a traitor. Taking Su Shi as a reference, although Su and Zhang held different political stands and had different political fates, they maintained a long friendship. Furthermore, they had similarities in the political integrity, administrative capacity, and personality. Why Zhang Dun was not appreciated by the oppositional sides is so complicated. It is related to his monopolization as the Prime Minister for eight years, the unstable political situations after the Northern Song Dynasty, to the values of historians and the understanding of loyalty and treacherousness as well.