从文化之“象”到文学之“象”——由新批评与钱钟书对“icon”的选用看中西文学观念的对话

From Cultural Image to Literary Icon:The Dialogue between Chinese and West Literary Thoughts Reflected in New Critics and Qian Zhongshu's Choice of Icon

中西文学观念中都有关于"象"的术语,但是在传统语境中,无论是image还是象,都还只是一个宽泛的文化概念。在现代文学理论中,文学之"象"的特性得到真正的揭示。其中新批评和钱钟书还实现了中西文学观念的对话:他们共同选用了"icon"以强调文学形象作为符号的示意功能,并从隐喻入手分析了文学形象的审美特性,使得文学形象既与一般的形象区分开来,又不同于其他种类的艺术形象。

Both Chinese and Western literary critics have given different terms to refer to ＂Xiang,＂ but in the traditional context,both ＂image＂ and ＂Xiang＂ are only vague cultural concepts. Only in modern literary theories is the special quality of ＂xiang＂ truly revealed. New Critics and Qian Zhongshu open up a dialogue between Chinese and Western literary thoughts when they make their same choice of ＂icon＂ to emphasize the signifying function of literary icons as codes,and delineate the aesthetic qualities of literary icons through metaphors,thus distinguishing literary icons from other kinds of images.