施氮模式对春玉米养分累积特性的影响

EFFECTS OF MODELS OF APPLYING NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON NUTRITION ACCUMULATION OF SPRING MAIZE

通过田间试验,研究了施氮模式对春玉米养分累积特性的影响。结果表明,施氮明显提高了春玉米干物质和NPK的累积量及累积速度,这种影响均在拔节期以后更明显。随着生育期推进,春玉米干物质及NPK的累积量均增加,但增加幅度不同。干物质及NP累积量的增加幅度在大喇叭口期以前较小,大喇叭口期以后较大;K累积量的增加幅度则正好相反,大喇叭口期以前较大,大喇叭口期以后较小。表明生育前期是春玉米吸K的关键时期,生育中后期则是吸收NP和干物质累积的关键时期。不同施氮模式对春玉米干物质累积无明显影响,而对NPK的累积影响较复杂。相比其他施氮模式,N240二次追肥和N240一次深施施肥模式在春玉米NPK累积量、产投比、N肥农学效率和N肥利用率等方面均显示出一定的优势。结合玉米的生理需肥特性和肥料性质,初步认为磷钾肥作基肥,氮肥作基肥+拔节肥+大喇叭口肥和氮肥作基肥一次深施的施肥技术为东北地区春玉米生产的高效施肥技术。

A field experiment was conducted to study effects of nitrogen（N） fertilization modes on nutrients accumulation in spring maize,aimed to supply technical supports for spring maize fertilization.Nitrogen fertilization had obviously positive effect on improvement of maize dry matter and its N,phosphorous（P）,and potassium（K）,especially at the growth stages after jointing.With maize growing,the accumulation amounts of dry matter and N,P,and K all increased,but the increment differed,being smaller before tasselling stage and larger after tasselling stage for dry matter and N and P,while being adverse for K,suggesting that early growth stages were the key period for K uptake by maize plant,and later growth stages were the key period for N and P uptake.Different N fertilization modes had lesser effects on dry matter accumulation,but complicated effects on N,P,and K accumulation.Compared with other N fertilization modes,both two top fertilizer dressings mode and one deep fertilizer application mode showed predominance on N,P,and K accumulation amounts,output-input ratio,fertilizer N agronomic efficiency,and fertilizer N use efficiency.Considering the nutrient requirement characteristics of maize and the properties of chemical fertilizers to be applied,it suggested that basal-dressing P and K fertilizers in combining with one deep-application of N or top-dressing N at jointing and tasselling stages would be the effective fertilization modes of chemical fertilizers for spring maize in Northeast of China