贵州民国档案中所见“疑似石漠化”与今日石漠化分布状况的比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Distribution of Suspect Karst Rocky Desertification Recorded in the Archives from the 1940s and That from Today's Survey

通过对贵州省民国时期档案与相关资料的分析,依据各县"不能生产之石山"占该县总面积的百分比,把相关39县划分为四个程度不同的"疑似石漠化"地区:重度石漠化地区(≥50%)、中度石漠化地区(<50%≥20%)、轻度石漠化地区(<20%≥5%)和无明显石漠化地区(<5%)。民国时期,毕节地区东部、安顺市、黔西南地区、铜仁及其周边地区的石漠化现象最为严重,除了铜仁及其周边地区,其他地区的石漠化状况与今日的吻合。民国时期石漠化严重程度与人口密度分布呈正相关,反映人类活动是石漠化扩张的主要原因。民国时期石漠化严重地区与碳酸盐岩的分布高度吻合,反映了石漠化的自然成因。

Based on an analysis of archives in the period of the Republic of China and other sources in Guizhou Province,this paper divides 39 archived counties of Guizhou Province into four suspect desertification regions as： severe rocky desertification areas,whose barren rocky mountainous areas occupied a percentage ≥50% of the total area of a given county;middle rocky desertification areas with a percentage 50% and ≥10%;light rocky desertification areas〈 20% and ≥5%;and unobvious rocky desertification areas〈 5%.The most severe rocky desertification areas concentrated in southwest Guizhou,Anshun City（安顺）,the east part of Bijie（毕节）,Tongren（铜仁） and its adjacent regions.We also find the distribution of rocky desertification in 1940s is highly related with the distribution of carbonate,which proves the natural cause of rocky desertification.Human activities can play both positive and negative roles in the development of rocky desertification.