丘脑性失语症的临床研究

Clinical research on thalamic aphasia

目的 探讨丘脑血管病所致的丘脑性失语症的言语特点、解剖机制及预后.方法 选择2002年6月至2008年7月我科收治的13例丘脑性失语症患者,采用汉语失语症检查法进行失语检查,同时行神经系统检查、常规实验室检查,及头颅CT、MRI检查.所有患者按原发病治疗.结果 13例患者均有自发言语减少,音量减少;3例伴命名障碍;10例伴错语;11例伴理解障碍.3例头颅CT示优势半球侧丘脑出血;头颅CT正常的10例中,9例头部MRI示优势半球丘脑腹外侧核中上部处腔隙性梗死灶、1例示优势半球丘脑背内侧核腔隙性梗死灶.所有患者于5～12天丘脑性失语的临床表现肖失.结论 丘脑性失语症有其独特的言语特点,优势半球侧丘脑腹外侧核和丘脑背内侧核可能为责任病灶区.头颅MRI对丘脑出血及梗死均敏感,能明确丘脑性失语症的病灶.经积极治疗原发病,丘脑性失语症预后较好.

Objective To study the language characteristics, anatomical mechanism and prognosis of thalamic aphasia caused by cerebrovascular diseases of thalamus. Methods Thirteen patients with thalamic aphasia during June 2002 to July 2008 in our department were studied. Aphasia examination, physical examination of central nervous system, routine laboratory examinations, as well as CT and MRI scanning of brain were taken. All patients were treated according to thalamic infarction or hemorrhage. Results All patients presented as sparse verbal output and low tone, 3 cases accompanied with anomia, 10 cases with paraphasia, and 11 cases with disturbance of comprehension. Thalamic hemorrhage in dominant hemisphere was detected in three cases by CT scanning. Among the other ten patients with normal CT, lacunar infarction in ventrolateral nucleus of thalamas （VL） of dominant hemisphere was detected in nine cases, while lacunar infarction in dorsomedial nucleus of thalamas （ DM ） of dominant hemisphere was detected in one case. The manifestations of thalamic aphasia disappeared after treatment for 5 ～ 12 days in all patients. Conclusions Thalamic aphasia has its own language characteristics, which is different from cortical aphasia. VL and DM in dominant hemisphere are probably the responsible lesions for it. MRI scanning of brain is sensitive toboth thalamic infarction and hemorrhage, which is good for lesion detection. The prognosis of thalamic aphasia is good.