由需要层次理论谈高职学生的英语学习动机

Discussion on Motivation of English Learning of Higher Vocational Students from Theory of Needs Level

人的需求产生动机,动机推动和引导人的行为。由需要而产生的学习方面的动机在学习者的学习中起着重要的作用。美国心理学家马斯洛把人的需要分为五个层次:生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要和自我实现需要。马斯洛认为,上述五种需要是按次序逐级上升的。当下一级需要获得满足之后,追求上一级的需要就成为行动的动力了。在高职阶段,学生的需求主要体现在社会需求、尊重需求和自我实现(成就需求)三个层次,具体表现为能力需求、关系需求与自主需求。教师应该在了解学生这些需求的前提下,采取针对性的措施,满足学生的这些需要,从而有效地激发学生的英语学习动机,实现高职教学质量的提升。

Man＇s needs produce motivation,and motivation drive and facilitate man＇s behavior.The motivation in learning produced by the needs plays a very important role in learners＇ learning,here especially in learning English.American psychologist A·H·Maslow＇s hierarchy of human needs suggests：Human needs contain five levels：physiological needs,safety needs,love and belong,esteem and self-actualization needs,with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom,and the need for self-actualization at the top.This theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire（or focus motivation upon） the secondary or higher level needs.In higher vocational education,the learners＇ needs mainly focus on love and belong（esteem）,esteem and self-actualization need,precisely：ability needs,social needs and self-realization needs.Teachers are expected to learn about these needs of the learners and take effective measures to help the learners meet the needs,hereby motivating them into active English learning.