近50年中国北方沙尘暴空间分布格局的动态变化研究

Spatial distribution dynamic changes of sand storm in northern China in recent 50 years

通过对我国北方地区的344个气象台站(1954年-2005年)的沙尘暴日值资料来分析我国沙尘暴的空间分布格局及变化趋势。研究结果表明:我国沙尘暴主要分布在河西走廊,南疆盆地南缘,内蒙古地区以及宁夏盐池等地。我国北方地区沙尘暴发生的频率呈现先减少后增加继而再减少又增加的‘W’型趋势发展,自20世纪50年代减少,60年代沙尘日数增加,70年代到90年代又逐渐减少,90年代后期至2005年又有所回升。这种分布格局与变化规律是气候波动、植被覆盖变化、水土流失以及人为破坏等因素共同驱动下形成的。对沙尘暴的研究和其趋势的预测对我国经济建设和国际地位的提高有着重要的意义,同时也为治理和防范沙尘暴提供科学依据。

The sand storm spatial distribution and variation tendency can be analyzed using the data of sand storm in 344 observatories in northern China（1954~2005）.The research showed that the sand storm is mainly distributed in Hosi Corridor,southern part of South Xinjiang Basin,Inner Mongolian districts and Ningxia Salt Pond etc.The frequency of the occurrence of sand storm in Northern China developed in a ＇W＇ trend,which meant that it＇d had been decreased since 1950s while increased in 1960s,and lessened from the 1970s to the 1990s while raised back again until 2005.The spatial distribution had close relation with the climatic fluctuation,vegetation coverage,water loss and soil erosion,human activities and the other factors.The research of the sand storm and the prediction of its tendency have significant meaning to the China＇s economic construction and international status ranking,at the same time,provide the scientific foundation for the control and prevention of the sand storm.