南宁市大棚早春越夏种植水果黄瓜的小气候评价与调控

Microclimate Evaluation and Regulation on Greenhouse Fruit Cucumber Planted in Early Spring Over Summering in Nanning

对南宁市大棚小气候特征和水果黄瓜生长所需环境条件进行对比分析,结果表明,从水果黄瓜整个生长期来看,棚内光照强度不足,远低于其光饱和点,多云阴雨天气则更差;从播种至开花结果期,棚内平均昼温偏低;结瓜期棚内平均昼温偏高,平均夜温很高,4～9月棚内的平均夜温均在20℃以上,高出其最适夜温上限温度2.7～9.1℃,而且导致昼夜温差缩小,不利于果实同化物质的积累;整个生长期棚内平均最低温度均高于其生长温度下限11℃,5～9月棚内平均最高温度均高于其生长温度上限35℃,其中6～8月高于40℃,要注意降温。全期棚内空气湿度较高,高于其生长最适空气湿度10%～20%。因此,生产上应加强气象条件的监控和管理,夏季和春秋高温高光强期,超过生长最适条件时,应加强通风、遮阳,防止高温障碍;低光强期则适当补光,结合换气封闭保暖;全年棚内的空气湿度偏高易引发病害,应结合其他气象因子和环境条件,进行除湿,加强综合管理。

The microclimate characteristics of plastic greenhouse and the microclimate condition in planting fruit cucumber were comparative analyzed.The results showed that in the whole growing time,the illumination in greenhouse was considerably lower than light saturation point,and worse in cloudy and thick weather.During sowing time to flowering and fruit-setting stage,the average day-temperature in greenhouse was lower.During knotting melon stage,the average day-temperature and the average night-temperature in greenhouse was higher;during April to September,it was up to above 20℃,higher than the top limit of optimum night-temperature 2.7-9.1℃,and the low difference in temperature between day and night makes against the accumulation of organics in fruit.In the whole growing time,the average lowest temperature in greenhouse was higher than the lower limit of growing temperature（11℃）;during May to September,the average highest temperature in greenhouse was higher than the top limit of growing temperature（35℃）;during June to August,it was up to 40℃,measures should be taken to bring down the temperature.The average relative humidity inside was higher than the optimum humidity 10%-20%.So,in agriculture,the regulation and control to the microclimate should be tighten in high temperature and illumination period,ventilation and sunshade should be taken to prevent harm.Filling in light at the right moment,keeping closing to warm along with change of air;energizing compositive administration and taking measures to dehumidify in case of disease.