鄱阳湖湖口水域鱼类群落结构及种类多样性

Fish diversity and community structure in Hukou area of Lake Poyang

2006年10月-2009年3月对鄱阳湖湖口水域拖网、定置网和虾笼渔获鱼类进行逐月采样分析.结果表明,该水域至少有鱼类50种,隶属于6目12科42属.鱼类组成以湖泊定居性鱼类为主,没有发现过河口洄游性鱼类.渔获物组成以光泽黄颡鱼、短颌鲚和等小型鱼类为主.定置网渔获物平均数量和平均产量均是夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.种类丰度及产量变化与该水域的水位和水温变化总体呈正相关关系.Shannon-W iener多样性指数月变化在1.16-2.58之间,多数月份指数值在2以下,多样性水平偏低.目前,鄱阳湖湖口水域定置网捕捞规模较大,渔获鱼类中经济鱼类所占比例较少,且绝大多数个体较小,应加强鱼类资源的管理和保护.

The fish species diversity and community structure in Hukou area of Lake Poyang were investigated from October 2006 to March 2009.A total of 50 species was classified into 6 orders,12 families and 42 genus.Eesis fish was dominated in the fish species,and none of migration diadromous fish.Among the composition of catches collected in Hukou area of Lake Poyang,Pelteobagrus nitidus,Hemiculter leucisculus and Coilia brachygnathus were the most abundant species.Seasonal variations of average fish amounts captured by set nets were ranked from higher to lower as follows： summer,autumn,spring and winter.Generally,the changes of species abundance and quantity were positively correlated with water level and water temperature.Shannon-Wiener index was relatively lower,ranged from 1.16 to 2.58,and below 2 in most months.At the present time,fishing operation by set nets was very widespread in Hukou area of Lake Poyang.Commercial species had a lower proportion in catches and most of them were small individuals.Thus the management and protection of fish resources should be strengthened immediately in the area.