契约与法院:民国时期土地交易与纠纷解决的二元嬗递

Contract and Court:the Binary Evolution of the Land Transactions and the Resolution of Land Disputes in the Period of Republic of China

民国时期,契约在土地交易乃至处理土地纠纷的过程中仍然起着十分重要的作用,但随着国内社会形势的复杂多变以及国外法治理念的渐趋渗透,契约原有的法律效力大打折扣,甚至还时常发生失效的情况。当面对土地纠纷,契约无能为力的时候,法院就自然而然地介入其中,并发挥了其独特的强制裁判功能。这对于重新厘清土地产权的最终归属与稳定乡村社会秩序无疑是至关重要的。不过,由于民国时期仍然处于由人治社会向法治社会转折的初始点,法律也还正处于摸索学习借鉴西方法律阶段,因此,在处理土地纠纷过程中不可避免地存在着一些不尽如人意之处。尽管如此,当时留存下来的处理土地纠纷的经验仍然值得我们当今借鉴。

In the period of Republic of China,the contract was still playing a very important role in the land transactions and even in the process of dealing with land disputes.But the domestic social situation is complicated and changeable,as well as the law rule of abroad tends to gradually infiltration,the legal effect of the contract also greatly reduced,and even frequent failure.When faced with land disputes,the contract could do nothing,the court is involved naturally,and played its unique compulsion referee function.It is very important to clarify the ultimate ownership of land property rights and to stable the order of rural social.