马克思为何把“教劳结合”视为造就全面发展的人的唯一方法

Why Is Marx's "Education Combined With Labor" Regarded As the Only Way to Cultivate All-round Men

长期以来,教育学界在对马克思的"教劳结合"的理论进行解读时,大多把它视为改进教育或改造社会的一种方法或手段。这样的理解就无法把握马克思为什么要把"教劳结合"作为促进人的全面发展的唯一方法。马克思哲学变革的实质在于从实践出发考察问题,用"实践唯物主义"来概括马克思哲学的变革或世界观的转变是比较恰当的。一切从实践出发,需要我们从存在论或生存论的角度来重新理解马克思"教劳结合"的旨趣:感性活动是人的存在方式,人的全面发展意味各种能力在感性活动中的"显现"。正因为如此,马克思才把"教劳结合"视为造就全面发展的人的唯一方法。

In the traditional understanding way of Marxist philosophy,＂practice＂ has been reduced to a part of epistemology.Affected by this theory,education scholars usually interpret the Marxist ＂education combined with labor＂ more as a means to improve people＇s awareness and to achieve progress in education.This interpretation can not answer the question why Marx regarded ＂education combined with labor＂ as the only way to promote people＇s all-round development.The essence of Marx＇s philosophical revolution lies in the investigation into people＇s real life and practice,which means that labor or practice is the fundamental point of view of the Marxist philosophy.It not only emphasizes the decisive role of lab oorr practice in cognition and thus has epistemological sense,but also emphasizes the effect of human labor or practice in the process of the free existence being changed into a reality one and thus has ontological significance.Therefore,the nature of Marx＇s ＂education combined with labor＂ lies in the fact that labor or practice is the only way to create ＂real people＂ and that all-round development means capabilities＇ ＂show-up＂ in a variety of perceptual activities.Thus,Marx regarded ＂teaching combined with labor＂ as the only way to create all-round developed people.