论唐代朝廷对科举落第者的人文关怀

A Study on the Humane Care of Failure Candidates in the Imperial Examinations of Tang Dynasty

唐代实行科举取士,为国家择选到了大量治国英才,同时也造就了庞大的落第群体。对于如何安抚科举考试中的失意者,使这一庞大的弱势群体对社会的逆反心理和由此可能产生的社会危害性降至最低,唐朝廷曾采取过一些临时性的措施,包括礼遇落第者、给落第而有志再考者创造学习条件、追赐有才华却终生不第者及第名衔并授予官职、特放老龄考生及第、增加录取名额等措施,显示出朝廷对落第举子这一弱势群体的人文关怀。这些举措对宋代科举制度的改革和完善,包括对落第者的政策性关怀,起了引导的作用。

The implement of imperial examinations selected many excellent talents for Tang dynasty.Meanwhile a lot of candidates failed.To pacify the losers and minimize the hazard they may produced to the society,the government of the Tang dynasty took some measures to comfort them,including create better study condition for those wanted to take the Exam again,extend the age limit of the candidates,increase the enrolling,etc.These measures displayed humane care for the disadvantaged group,and played an important role in offering reference and guidance for Song dynasty to reform and improve the system of its imperial examinations.