五年内收住院的儿童意外损伤情况调查

A hospital based survey on childhood injuries

目的 了解儿童意外损伤的发生状况，以加强相应的防范措施。方法 复习１９９３ 年１月１ 日～１９９８ 年８ 月３１ 日收住院的１ ２６８ 例意外损伤儿童的临床资料，分析其损伤类别、构成、年龄分布及相关因素。结果 意外损伤患儿占同期该院住院总病例的１－６６％ ，占同期外科住院病例的５－１４％ 。各类意外损伤的构成：烫伤４９８ 例（３９－２７ ％） ，气管异物４０１ 例（３１－６３％ ） ，交通事故２１６ 例（１７－０３％ ） ，意外坠落１５３ 例（１２－０７％ ）。各类意外损伤年龄特点：烫伤５ 岁以下占８８－０％ ，１～３ 岁是发病高峰年龄段，占５６－９％ ；气管异物多发生于３ 岁以下，占５７－９％ ，而以１ ～２ 岁为最多，占３９－０％ ；交通事故４～８ 岁为高峰年龄组，占５４－２ ％ ；意外坠落多发年龄段是３ ～９ 岁，占５８－２％ ，年龄跨度最大。结论 各类损伤多发年龄段有着明显特点。可根据具体情况采取相应的措施以加强防范。

Objective To study the causes and incidence of childhood injuries in a hospital as a reference for prevention Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 1 268 cases of childhood accidents admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital from Jan 1, 1993 to Aug 31, 1998 Results The 1 268 children with accidental injuries were found to account for 1 66% of all in patients and for 5 14% of admissions for surgical reasons during the same period Of all the 1 268 patients, 498 were scald and burns cases (39 27%), 401 had foreign body in air passage (31 63%), 216 were traffic accidents (17 03%) and 153 were falling and dropping injuries cases (12 07%) The incidence of scald was high in children younger than 5 years of age with the peak age being 1 3 years (56 9%), foreign body in air passage mostly occurred in children younger than 3 years (57 9%) with the peak age being 1 2 years (39 0%) The peak age of traffic accidents was 4 8 year age group (54 2%), and the peak age of falling was 3 9 year age group (58 2%), with the widest age range Conclusions Obviously age factor plays an important role in various types of childhood injuries and preventive measures should be worked out according to actual situation in different age groups