光绪末年官制立法评析

Innovation or Conservatism:A Study on the Bureaucracy Legislations during the late years of Emperor Guangxu(1901-1908)

光绪末年,为应对内外交困的政治局面,清廷先后宣布实施新政和预备立宪,两项改革均以官制改革作为重要内容,相应地带来了官制立法的较大变革。历经七年,传统官制的形式特征逐步淡化,机构设置和职官选任均有较大突破,但是,受自身既得利益的羁绊,清廷的官制立法改革多流于形式,官吏选任当中的等级特权、中央集权以及民族歧见仍然未得改变,其作为传统专制政治文化组成部分的根本性质依旧。

During the late years of Emperor Guangxu, dealing with the difficuhies for domestic and foreign affairs,the Qing Government decided to reform governmental policy and establish constitutional government successively. Accordingly, the bureaucracy legislations were revised a great deal. Seven years later, surface features of traditional bureaucracy were changed gradually, structural establishment and the appointment of officials were reformed greatly too. However, the reform of the bureaucracy legislations were formalistic. Privileges and central authority of bureaucracy were unchanged. The bureaucracy legislations during the late years of Guangxu Emperor was still one part of the arbitrary civilization.