文化的继承、拼合与自觉——文化学视野下中国竞技体育发展的思考

Cultural Inheritance,Combination and Consciousness——Development of Chinese Competitive Sports under Culturology

中国竞技体育文化的继承性表现在:在文化发展的类型上,继承了中国传统文化中整体本位类型;在文化传播方向上,继承了由上至下的方向;在责任、权利、义务、品德修养之间的关系上,继承了重责任、权利、义务、品德修养的优良传统。不同于文化的冲突论,也不同于文化的融合论,中西竞技体育文化是通过拼合而展现出时代性,这种时代性至少有三个:"个体张扬"与"个体消减"的折衷、"合"与"争"的折衷以及"向前看"与"向后看"的折衷。中国竞技体育文化的文化自觉性是对过去的反思,对未来发展之路的畅想,应该以人本思想为指导核心,立足于运动员竞技能力的可持续发展;现存的多元化的竞技体育发展模式应促使人们拥有根据自身情况、项目特点自由选择的权利;在坚持国家主义和全球主义的新时代大背景中,在承认中国竞技体育国家主义存在合理性的基准下,对全球主义的历史必然性做出前瞻性的历史抉择。

The cultural inheritance of Chinese competitive sports lies in： in the aspect of the types of cultural development, it inherited the overall standard type in Chinese traditional culture; in the directions of cultural transmission, it inherited the direction from top to bottom; in the relation among responsibility, rights, obligation, personal characters, it inherited the tradition of emphasizing responsi- bility, rights, obligation, and personal characters. Different from the cultural conflict theory, and from the cultural fusion theory, the culture of China and the West competitive sports conforms to the times through combination, which has three features： compromise of ＂expansion and reduction of the individuality＂, ＂union and fight＂ and ＂looking forward and back＂. Cultural self-consciousness of Chinese competitive sports is both reconsideration of the past and thought of the future, which should be guided by the idea of humanity, focus on the sustainable development of athletes. The existing multiplicity mode should pay attention to the free right of people＇ s choices according to their own conditions and the characteristic of each sports item. In the background of nationalism and globalism, and in the circumstance of Chinese nationalism, this paper makes the forward-looking choices to the ine vitability of globalism.