曲亭马琴与《三国演义》——中日历史演义小说的因缘

Kyokutebakin and Romance of Three Kingdoms——Relationships of Historical Novels between China and Japan

曲亭马琴史传类读本小说的成熟,和以《三国演义》为最高成就的历史演义小说的影响是密不可分的。《三国演义》的忠义主题和经典故事情节,被直接吸纳进史传读本《南总里见八犬传》的叙事中。在金圣叹、毛宗岗、谢肇浙等小说评点家的影响下,曲亭马琴突破了《三国演义》"七分事实、三分虚构"的历史叙事模式,将"虚实相伴"、"真幻结合"、"因文生事"、"以文运事"等叙事观念相融合,创造全新的历史演义类小说的叙事模式。

Kyokutebakin＇s achievement in historic novel has deep relationship with Chinese historic novels of Ming and Qing Dynasty,among which Romance of Three kingdoms is a representative one.He not only accepts its theme and classical plots,but also its narration form of historic romance.Under the influence of Chinese critics such as Jin Shengtan,Mao Zonggang and Xie Zhaozhe,he creates a new form of hostoric novel,in which literary fabrication and imagination is as important as exact statement of historic events.