峰丛山地的农业发展与生态环境改善途径刍议——以贵州省仁怀市峰丛山区为例

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT IN KARST FENGCONG MOUNTAIN-A Case Study on Karst Fengcong Mountain in Renhuai City Guizhou Province

半个世纪前的历史地理状况和近 ５０ 年来生态环境变迁及农业发展过程的调查分析结果表明，黔北峰丛山区的生态环境曾十分良好，小生境类型繁多，农林牧产品种类独特、质量优异，具备林粮牧并举的先天自然条件。但由于自身的生态环境较为脆弱，加之半个世纪来农业发展过程中不合理的资源开发，使生态环境遭到了严重破坏，并不断恶化。本文结合对当地农业资源的优、劣势分析和农业发展（史）与生态环境（变迁）的相互关系分析，提出该区大农业可持续发展和生态环境改善是相辅相成的，其出路是建立特产型生态农业体系。其中农业资源开发的重点是岩溶水和经济价值较高的土特优农林牧产品。

Results from the studies on the historical geography of half a century ago and the studies on the eco environmental changes and agricultural development in the past 50 years prove that the eco environment was once good, the micro habitat was complicated, the products were unique in variety and outstanding in the quality in the past, and what is more important is that there was innate conditions for the simultaneous development of farming, forestry and animal husbandry. However, the eco environment in karst mountain, being quite fragile congenitally, has not only suffered from serious disruption, but also steadily deteriorated under the unreasonable exploitation of natural resources in the agricultural development processes in the past 50 years. According to the analysis on the interrelationship between agricultural development and eco environment succession, the author puts forth that the establishment of a speciality productive eco agriculture system is the only approach which can enable sustainable agriculture development and eco environmental improvement, and that the most important resources to be exploited are the karst groundwater and the local products or specialities of high quality and high economic value.