湿地与全球环境变化

Wetlands and Global Environmental Change

湿地是地球上具有重要环境功能的生态系统和多种生物的栖息地之一。湿地环境由湿地水文、湿地生物地球化学循环与生物对湿地的适应和改造构成。各种因子之间相互依赖、相互协同，构建起湿地的整体功能。湿地在全球环境变化中的地位，主要表现在湿地环境自身健康水平和湿地在全球环境长期变化中的作用。一个未受异常自然和人类活动扰动的湿地环境，因其生物种属的多样性、结构的复杂性、功能的整合性和抵抗外力的稳定性，而处于较好的健康状态。当外力扰动超过湿地环境的修复能力时，湿地环境的健康状态就会恶化，功能发生退化，进而对区域或全球环境产生影响。

Wetland is one of ecosystems with important environmental functions and habitats for various biota on the earth. It is composed of hydrology, biogeochemical cycling and adaptation and improvement of biota for it. The interaction among those factors creates the entire function of wetlands. The role of wetlands in global environment is mainly found in the two aspects amongst health of wetlands themselves and function of wetlands in global environmental change. A wetland without being disturbed by unusual natural and human activities is in health statue since its diverse species, complex structure, function integration and stability of resisting disturbance. If disturbance is beyond the repairing ability of wetland environment, the health of wetland will be deteriorated, function of wetlands will be degenerated, consequently, will affect local and global environment. Wetland environmental change is sensitive to the responses of global environmental change and effect of global change to the wetland environment, especially human community activities on wetland. Global environment will inevitably affect wetland ecosystem and local environment, conversely, wetland ecosystem and local environment problem probably turn into global environment prblem.