三江平原湿地景观生态制图分类系统研究

Study on Classfication System of Middle Scale Landscape Ecology Mapping in the Sanjiang Plain

湿地景观生态制图分类系统的研究是景观制图的关键。以三江平原为研究区域，在研究湿地景观生态制图分类原则的基础上，系统地分析了引起该区域景观分异的主导因素。得出人文因素、水文因素、地貌和植被因素为其主导因素。从而建立了一套完整的景观生态制图分类系统：第一级按人类活动影响程度划分为：自然湿地景观、半自然湿地景观、人工湿地景观； 第二级按地貌划分为： 河漫滩、阶地、湖滨、洼地、谷地； 第三级对沼泽湿地植被２５ 种类型进行模糊聚类归并，得出不同比例尺的地图制图景观类型。河流作为重要湿地类型分为永久性河流和沼泽性河流两类。该分类系统的建立能为三江平原湿地在景观制图、景观格局研究及景观规划建设等方面提供良好服务。

A study on the classification of wetland landscape ecosystem is the key of landscape mapping. The fundamental rules of wetland landscape mapping classification system were studied first. The main factors which cause difference between landscape ecosystems were further detailed analyzed, and the conclusion is that the main factors are human activities, hydrology, geomorphology and vegetation. Finally, each category of the classification system is that: 1) the extent of human activities as the first class: natural wetland landscape, half natural wetland landscape and artificial wetland landscape; 2) geomorphology as the second class: flood land, depression, valley and terrace; 3)marsh wetland vegetation as the third class, which amalgamated with the way of indistinct assemble classification. Rivers as important wetlands were divided into two types: permanent river and marsh river. The classification system can give good service for landscape patterns, function, ecological planning and reconstruction of wetland in the Sanjiang Plain.