对荒漠化几个理论问题的初步探讨

A Preliminary Reflection on Several Theoretical Problems of Desertification

讨论了荒漠化的概念和内涵、评价指标体系及发生机制等问题。认为联合国《防治荒漠化公约》中的荒漠化定义揭示了各类型荒漠化的共同本质，是较为科学和适用的定义。荒漠化评价指标的“基准”、荒漠化气候类型及评价的空间尺度是建立荒漠化评价指标体系的关键。荒漠化的发生机制是荒漠化理论的核心，它涉及到荒漠化的反馈关系、荒漠化的非平衡过程及荒漠化与土地系统复杂性的关系。土地利用／ 土地覆被变化是荒漠化的驱动因素之一。

The conception and connotation, assessment indicator system, mechanism of desertification occurrence, as well as the relationship between the land use/land cover change in desertification affected area and desertification were discussed tentatively. The definition of desertification in “United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification. Particularly in Africa” (hereinafter referred as CCD), from the author's point of view, revealed the general intrinsic property of all types of desertification with different causes. The definition of desertification in CCD, therefor, represented the scientific connotation and was acknowledged worldwidely. The “Bench Mark' of assessment indicators, the climatic types and the areas in which the desertification occurred and the spatial scale of assessment should be taken into account when establishing the assessment indicator system of desertification. The mechanism of desertification occurrence is a core issue of desertification research. It involves the feedback courses and the nonequilibrium processes in desertification,as well as the relationship between the biodiversity,complexity and the stability of land ecosystem. Finally, the relations of land use/land cover change(LUCC)to desertification were discussed. It was pointed out that LUCC was one of the driving forces of desertification.