深圳湾浮游动物的群落结构及季节变化

Community structure and seasonal variation of the zooplankton in Shenzhen Bay

2008年2月、5月、8月和11月分别对深圳湾浮游动物进行了周年的季节调查,结果共检出浮游动物38种和浮游幼体13类,其中原生动物2种,腔肠动物4种,介形类1种,桡足类22种,软甲类3种,毛颚类3种,被囊类1种,多毛类2种,浮游幼体(包括仔鱼)13类。年均丰度和生物量分别为406.7 ind.m-3和764.0 mg.m-3,高峰均位于夏季,低谷分别位于冬、春季。种类数(包括浮游幼虫)秋季最多为43种,夏季次之为30种,冬季最少仅23种。主要优势种为太平洋纺锤水蚤Acartia pacifica、刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda、短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis、双生水母Diphyes chamissonis、卡玛拉水母Malagazzia carolinae、蔓足类幼体和桡足幼体等。多样性指数和均匀度年均值分别为2.568和0.526。回归分析表明浮游动物丰度和生物量与各环境因子之间存在明显的相关性,但有季节变化。

The investigation on zooplankton community was seasonally carried out in Shenzhen Bay of Guangdong,China,from February to November in 2008.Totally,38 species and 13 pelagic larvae groups were found in this sea area,in which the Protozoa had 2 species taxonomically,with Coelenterata（4 species）,Ostracoda（1 species）,Copepoda（22 species）,Malacostraca（3 species）,Chaetognatha（3 species）,Tunicata（1 species）,Polychaeta（2 species）,Pelagic larvae（13 groups including fish larva） presenting simultaneously.The annual average density and biomass were 406.7 ind·m-3 and 764.0 mg·m-3 respectively,with the maximum in summer and the minimum in winter and spring.The most abundant organisms（43 species including pelagic larvae） was found in autumn,followed by that in summer（30 species） while the least ones presented in winter（merely 23 species）.The dominant species were Acartia pacifica,Acartia spinicauda,Oithona brevicornis,Diphyes chamissonis,Malagazzia carolinae,Cirripedite larvae and Copepodite.The annual mean of diversity index and evenness were 2.568 and 0.526,respectively.The regression analysis indicated that significant correlation was found out between the abundance and biomass of zooplankton and main environmental factors,but there were seasonal changes in this sea area.