外来红树植物无瓣海桑的入侵生态特征

Ecological traits of invasiveness of alien mangrove species Sonneratia apetala

无瓣海桑因其具有速生性的特点而被广泛的用于滩涂海岸造林和控制外来杂草互花米草。但是同样作为外来种,无瓣海桑其自身的入侵性及生态风险已经成为近年来研究的一大热点。依据外来种风险评估的侧重点,分别从定居特性、传播特性及其影响等方面总结了国内外无瓣海桑的入侵生态特征的相关研究,表明无瓣海桑具有速生、高生产力、对低温和土壤具有一定的适应性、已在澳门等地出现扩散入侵现象等利于入侵的特点;但是同时它生态位宽度中等,繁殖率较低,并且它的种植会改善红树林生态系统土壤养分,有利于乡土红树植物的生长。现有对无瓣海桑入侵生态特征的定性研究并不能完全确定其入侵性和生态风险。因此今后需采用风险评估模型等手段对无瓣海桑入侵性进行更为深入地评估。

Sonneratia apetala is widely used to afforest and control invasive weed Spartina alterniflora at the coastal tidal flat because of its fast-growing.The same as S.alterniflora,S.apetala is an alien species as well,whose invasiveness and ecological risk has turned into a hotspot in recent years.According to emphasis of risk evaluation on alien species,we summarized the researches on ecological traits of invasiveness including colonization properties,propagation properties and introducing effect of S.apetala in this paper.The results showed that fast-growing,high productivity and strong adaptability of S.apetala could be propitious to its expansion.Besides,it has been considered as invasive species in Macao during to its strong competition ability.On the other hand,S.apetala had medium niche width,low propagative rate and propagation ability.Its planting could also improve the nutrients condition of soil in mangrove forest ecosystem and promote the growing of other native mangroves.Therefore,S.apetala doesn＇t completely possess the invasive species characters,and its invasiveness is still ambiguous basing on current data.Further systemic studies applying risk assessment systems are needed in order to better understand the invasiveness of S.apetala.