密云县农村婴儿喂养行为与营养状况调查

Survey on Feeding Behavior and Nutritional Status of Infants in Rural Areas of Miyun County

目的了解密云县农村地区婴儿的喂养行为和营养现状,为政府制定营养规划政策提供可靠依据。方法 多阶段分层抽取密云县农村4-12月龄婴儿130名,对其喂养行为现状进行入户问卷调查,对身高体重进行现场测量。结果四个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养率为47.1%;婴儿添加辅食开始时间平均为（4.3±1.8）月龄,添加的时间顺序由早到晚依次为：配方奶粉、营养素补充剂、蛋类、谷类、水果蔬菜、肉类、豆类;64.6%的婴儿在4月龄前添加了辅食,16.6%的婴儿晚于9月龄添加辅食;婴儿到12月龄,谷类、蛋类、水果类、蔬菜类添加率均达到100%;肉类、豆类添加率分别为91.3%和45.7%;有94.5%的婴儿添加了营养素补充剂,以添加钙制剂和维生素D制剂为主。结论密云县农村地区婴儿喂养存在问题,母乳喂养率低,辅食存在添加过早和不及时并存。应该继续普及母乳喂养观念,加强婴儿喂养知识宣传,适时添加辅食,增加肉类和豆类添加率。

Objective To investigate the feeding behaviors and nutritional conditions of the infants in rural areas of Miyun County,and to provide the evidence for the government to formulate infants＇ feeding plan. Methods With a cross-sectional and multistage method,130 infants aged between 4 to 12 months were collected from the rural areas of Miyun County.The current situation of feeding behaviors was surveyed by questionnaires.Infants＇ body weight and height were also measured. Results The investigation results showed that the exclusively breastfeeding rate in infants aged 4 months was 47.1%,and the time of introduction of complementary food was（4.3±1.8） months.Formula milk powder,nutrient supplements,eggs,grains,fruits and vegetables,meats,and beans were introduced in time sequence.64.6% infants were introduced complementary food before 4 months.16.6% infants were introduced complementary food beyond 9 months.Among 12-month-old infants,100% of them got grains,eggs,fruits and vegetables,91.3% got meats and 45.7% got beans and 94.5% got nutrient supplements,including calcium compounds and vitamin D. Conclusions The feeding behavior problems still exist in the rural areas of Miyun County.The breastfeeding rate is low,and complementary food introduction is too early or too late.It is necessary to popularize the concept of breastfeeding,strengthen publicity and education on knowledge of infants＇ feeding behavior,introduce the complementary food in good time,and increase the usage of beans and meats.