基于随机前沿分析的中国玉米生产技术效率研究

Research on Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in China Based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis

利用1995～2008年中国15个主要玉米产区的投入与产出面板数据建立了随机前沿生产函数模型,对中国玉米生产的技术效率进行了测算,全国玉米生产平均技术效率为0.824。在此基础上,进一步分析了技术效率的时间差异、地区差异及收敛性,发现玉米生产技术效率时间、地区差异明显,但从全国来看,各产区之间的玉米生产技术效率的差距正在逐步缩小,具有趋同趋势。提高玉米生产技术效率,需要在以下几个方面做出改进:加强对灾害的预防和监测工作,并有科学计划地兴修农田水利设施;加大种子用量,提高机械化水平,进行科学管理;加强玉米生产技术的研发和创新等。

In this paper,a stochastic frontier production function model was established based on the 1995～2008 input and output panel data of China＇s 15 major maize producing areas,and then it is used to measure and analyze the technical efficiency of maize production in China.On this basis,a further exploration is made to analyze time difference,regional differences and convergence of technical efficiency.The results showed that the technical efficiency of maize production varied over time and had obvious regional differences,but from a national perspective,the efficiency gap of maize production among the various provinces was narrowing,with the convergence trend.To improve the technical efficiency of maize production,it should prevent and monitor disasters,build irrigation works,increase the seed dosage,enhance mechanization and scientific management,strengthen RD of maize production technique.