107例药疹临床分析

Clinical analysis of 107 cases with drug eruption

目的:探讨药疹的致敏药物及药疹类型。方法:按照一般情况、疹型和致敏药物分类等,回顾性分析107例药疹患者的临床资料。结果:107例患者由抗生素引起75例,其中最多的是由青霉素类引起,共34例,其次由头孢菌素引起。解热镇痛药引起的药疹共19例,抗痛风药物、生物制剂和抗癫痫药物分别3例。107例药疹患者中麻疹样/猩红热样型51例,荨麻疹15例,湿疹型12例,固定型10例,红皮病型/剥脱性皮炎7例,多形红斑/SJS 6例,大疱性表皮松解坏死型2例,紫癜型4例。抗生素引起的药疹中麻疹样/猩红热样型占49.3%(37/75)。结论:抗生素及解热镇痛类药物是主要致药疹药物。麻疹样/猩红热样型药疹是药疹中的主要疹型。

Objective：To investigate the drugs resulting in dermatitis medicamentosa and the types involved in drug eruption.Methods： Clinical data were reviewed in 107 patients concerning the general information,types of dermatitis medicamentosa and causative drugs.Results： Of the 107 cases,75 were induced by antibiotics,in which 34 were associated with penicillins,followed by cephalosporin.Nineteen were involved in antipyretics and analgesics,and antipodagrics,biopharaceuticals and anti-epileptic were responsible for respective 3 cases.As far as the eruptions were concerned in the 107 patients,morbilliform/scarlatiniform rash was seen in 51,urticaria in 15,eczema in 12,fixed drug eruption in 10,erythrodermic/ exfoliative dermatitis in 7,erythema multiforme / Stevens-Johnson syndrome（SJS） in 6,epidermolysis bullosa in 2 and peliosis in 4.Conclusion Anti-infectives and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs） are the most frequent agents causing drug eruption,and the most common type is morbilliform or erythematous rash.