国内外优秀跳远运动员起跳阶段若干运动学参数的比较研究

The Comparatire Rescarch on the Certain Kinematical Indexes of the Taking off Stage of the Top Long Jumpers in the Clomestic and Foreign

采用文献资料法和数理统计法对国内外优秀运动员在选材学指标和起跳阶段部分运动学参数进行对比分析。结果表明:在体重和克托莱指数上存在显著性差异,国内优秀运动员小于国外优秀运动员;身高指标与国外优秀运动员相差无几;起跳阶段腾起水平速度和国外优秀运动员没有差异,但着板角、蹬地角、腾起角和腾起垂直速度均小于国外优秀运动员,起跳扇面角大于国外优秀运动员。建议:国内优秀运动员在训练中要加强起跳腿的退让性工作能力,即加快离心—向心的快速转化能力以减小水平速度的损失和增大起跳腾起垂直速度;加强摆动腿的快速摆动能力以增大着板角和蹬地角,减小起跳扇面角。

This article Using the domestic and foreign elite male long lump athletes in the athlete selecting indexes and stage part of the kinematic parameters compared and analyzed national long jumper in body weight and quetelet index showed significant differences in the foreign country is less than excellent male long lump athletes.Jumping off stage the domestic level master speed and no difference between the foreign elite athletes,but the board angle,stomp angle and the jump angle is less than the foreign elite athletes,jump fan angle is larger than the foreign athletes.And then the papor made some suggestions to provide a reference for teaching and training.Recommendation：excellent domestic athletes training in the off legs give way to strengthen the capacity of the work,which accelerate the centrifugal-the heart of the rapid transformation ability to reduce the loss of horizontal velocity and vertical velocity increases the take-off of Jumping;enhance rapid swing leg the ability to increase the angle of plate angle and stomp,reducing the fan angle of take-off.