液态存在的“田野”——对实证主义田野工作方法论的反思

Fieldwork as a Liquid Existence ——Reflection on the Positivistic Methodology of Fieldwork

教育人类学作为人类学的分支学科之一,其方法论的研讨总体上受制于人类学方法论,因此,经常回到人类学方法论中去汲取养分,是发展教育人类学方法论的基本路径。此研究借鉴和发展了叙事民族志写作者在文本写作中对自我进行呈现和分析的做法,对实证主义田野工作方法论进行了反思,并通过对真实经历的田野过程的归纳和反思来说明,在人类学研究的另一个重要过程,即田野中,无时无刻不存在着田野工作者"自我"与"田野"的相互作用———作者主张将这种"真实的田野工作"概括为一种"液态"的存在,并通过对田野工作的三个层面对该观点进行论述———人类学研究者需要正视和反思这种相互作用,并且在承认这种相互作用的存在下持续地发展田野工作方法论。

Anthropology of Education,as a branch of Anthropology,needs to develop its own methodology by deriving nutrients from the exploration of anthropological methodology.This article,with reference to the presentation and analysis about the ethnographers＇own experiences in the narrative ethnography,makes a reflection on the positivistic methodology as well,and claims that in fieldwork,which is another important step of anthropological research,there is interaction between the field and the fieldworker himself/herself all the time.The author＇s proposition is to generalize the real fieldwork as a liquid existence by discourse upon three aspects of the fieldwork.It is need to face up and make reflection on the interaction for the contemporary anthropology researchers,which can make the anthropological methodology developed under admitting this interaction.