河套灌区套种粮油作物耗水规律的试验研究

Water Consumption Regularity in Intercropping Patterns in Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia

2009—2010年河套灌区磴口项目区试验结果表明,小麦套种玉米与小麦套种油葵2种立体种植模式下,生育期内作物日平均蒸发蒸腾量分别为:小麦4.31 mm、覆膜玉米4.43 mm、不覆膜玉米4.39 mm、油葵3.42 mm。根据田间波文比系统监测数据,通过多种方法确定项目区ET0比较,FAO-56推荐Penman-Monteith方法与Ir-mark-Allen拟合法计算的结果较符合当地实际。研究表明,3种套种模式中,套种不覆膜玉米小麦的生物学产量略占优势,与不覆膜玉米的产量有此消彼长的关系;并且3种套种模式下,灌水模式为52 mm、97 mm交替灌溉模式的经济系数相比其他灌溉模式的经济系数均表现较大,套种作物经历一定程度的水分亏缺,后期及时补偿可提高经济系数。

The results of the experiment in Hetao irrigated regions of Dengkou in 2009—2010 show that in the pattern of stereo planting of Wheat-Corn relay intercropping and Wheat-Sunflower relay intercropping,the daily average water requirement in growth period of wheat,plastic-film Corn,none plastic-film Corn and sunflower are respectively 4.31 mm,4.43 mm,4.39 mm,3.42 mm.Through analyzing monitoring data by Bowen-Ratio System and ET0 determined by various methods,the Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO-56 and the Irmark-Allen fitting method accord with local reality.The research shows that the pattern the of Wheat and none plastic-film Corn relay intercropping predominate in biological yield in above three stereo planting pattern and when the yield of Wheat is rising,one of plastic-film Corn is falling.The economic coefficient of the alternative irrigation mode of 52 mm and 97 mm is superior.It is visible that timely water compensation for oil crop undergoing water deficit can improve economic coefficient.