页岩气开发技术现状及研究方向

Current Situation and Research Direction of Shale Gas Development

页岩气是一种非常规气藏,在全世界都有广泛的分布,近年来在天然气产量中的比例正在不断增加。页岩气是以多种相态存在并富集于页岩地层中的天然气。页岩既是烃源岩又是储集层,属于典型的自生自储型气藏,页岩气主要以基质吸附气和裂缝、孔隙中的游离气存在。页岩气储层具有低孔、低渗特征,在开发上主要表现为常规试气产能低或无产能,正是由于页岩气具有特殊的地质特征,常规气藏的开发技术显然无法适应其高效的开发。目前有关页岩气的研究主要集中在成藏、储层特征等地质勘探方面,对开发方面的研究只涉及到了水平井钻井技术和压裂技术。介绍了页岩气资源的分布状况、页岩气成藏及储层的基本特征,从页岩气测井、水平井钻完井和页岩气储层改造几个方面介绍了页岩气开发技术的现状,指出了开发中存在的诸如储量的准确计算存在困难、渗流机理复杂多样、渗透率的准确测量困难这几个问题,初步探讨了页岩气开发技术的研究方向。

Shale gas was an unconventional gas,which was widely distributed throughout the world.In recent years,it took a high proportion of natural gas production.Shale gas was a gas existed in multi-phases and enriched in shale formations.It was both hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir,which was a typical self storage-type gas from the reservoirs.Shale gas was mainly presented as matrix-adsorption gas and a free gas in fractures the pores.Shale gas reservoirs had low porosity and permeability characteristics,their main performance in the development was conventionally low or no productivity.Because shale gas had special geological features,conventional gas reservoir development technology could not satisfy its effective development.The previous work was focused on shale gas formation in the reservoir,reservoir characteristics of geological exploration,and the study only involved in horizontal drilling techniques and fracturing technology.The distribution and formation of shale gas,essential characteristics of shale gas reservoirs are introduced,and the development technique of shale gas reservoir is also provided specially in well logging of shale gas reservoir,horizontal drilling techniques and reconstruction of shale gas reservoirs,preliminary discussion is given on the major research direction of shale gas technology.