“自然解放”理论的嬗变与超越

On the Evolution and Transcendence of "Natural Liberation" Theory

"自然解放"的理论从提出到实践经历了从马尔库塞的奠基到技术伦理化再到马克思原本化再到中国化实践的嬗变与超越的过程。法兰克福学派的马尔库塞是自然解放理论的奠基人,他把自然作为革命的一部分,把科技异化看成生态危机的根源,力主建立"生存缓和"的社会;莱易斯继承推进了马尔库塞的自然解放理论,从技术伦理学意义上论述了"控制自然";福斯特进一步从马克思主义原本的角度批判了自然异化与资本主义异化的关系,把自然解放与实现共产主义和可持续发展相联系。借鉴西方马克思主义关于"自然解放"理论的合理成分,把"自然解放"理论中国化,对于我国的生态文明建设具有重要意义。

The ＂Natural Liberation＂ theory has experienced a process of foundation by Marcuse,to ethnicalization of technology,then to nativization of Marxism,and finally to evolution and transcendence in the experience of Sinicization.As the forefather of the natural liberation theory,Marcuse in Frankfurt School treats nature as part of revolution,and alienation of science and technology as the source of ecological crisis,strongly advocates founding a society of ＂survival alleviation＂.Leiss inherits and further develops Marcuse＇s natural liberation theory,espouses ＂control of nature＂ from the perspective of technological ethics.Criticizing the relationship between natural alienation and capitalist alienation from the viewpoint of Marxist nativization,Foster associates natural liberation with realization of Communism and sustainable development.It is highly significant for us to learn from the scientific part about the natural liberation theory in western Marxism,to Sinicize the natural liberation theory and to construct our own ecological civilization.