中华人民共和国人身损害国家赔偿计算标准之探讨——“国家上年度职工日平均工资”的“上年度”之意涵

A Discussion on the Calculation Standard of State Compensation to Victims of Personal Injury in China——Defining "the Previous Year" of Art.26 of the State Compensation Law

本文对实务和理论中形成的对《国家赔偿法》中"上年度国家职工日平均工资"的"上年度"的两种见解,违法行为时上年度说和赔偿决定时上年度说分别进行了比较考察,认为虽然前者存在能够凸显国家赔偿与违法行为之间的因果关系,赔偿标准具有确定性、相对公平性、使受害人获得及时赔偿的优点,违法行为说比前说具有更好地促进依法行政、保障公民权利的优点,但若细究则可以发现上述观点均不能成立,二者均具有语义不明确、不利于公民权利保障的致命弱点。基于此并进一步提出改革国家赔偿标准的建议。

Two controversial interpretations of the meaning of ＂the previous year＂ have been adopted by the courts in case of the State Compensation Law issues： one refers to the year before the time the illicit public action happens and the other the time the compensation decision was made.After comparing the two approaches,it is found that the former approach is able to illustrate the cause-and-effect relationship between state compensation and illicit actions,and the compensation standard is deterministic,impartial and prompt in getting the victims indemnified,and that the latter is better able to promote the legality of government work and protect human rights.However,neither of them will stand strict scrutiny,and both of them are ambiguous and hard to define,making them insufficient in human rights protection.In this regard,it is held that the State Compensation Law should be reformed accordingly.