论国家所有权的客体——以作为集合物的“国有财产”为中心的思考

On the Object of State Ownership Centering on the State Property as Assemblage

《物权法》将物权的客体规定为动产和不动产,但是却将国家所有权的客体规定为"国有财产",而没有简单地以"动产和不动产"来指代。国有财产是集合物,它作为国家所有权客体的必要性,也体现了罗马法中集合物这个概念的现代意义。集合物具有独立性和整体性,应当适用同一法律关系,包括成立以确权或归属为目的的所有权法律关系。因此,将"国有财产"作为国家所有权的客体能实现民法对国家所有权的确权保护,维护国有财产发挥公共利益的功能。

Moveable and immoveable estates are the objects of property right in Property Law of PRC.However,the object of state ownership is ＂state property＂,instead of moveable or immoveable estates.The necessity of the concept of ＂state property＂ displays the significance of the assemblage since Roman law.Universitates should be viewed independently as a whole and qua the object of single legal relation,such as the object of ownership relation whose main purpose is to affirm and protect the ownership.When the meaning of assemblage is applied on the state property,we could find the exact civil way to affirm and protect state ownership,and exert the function of state property to realize the public interest.