早期佛教与表演艺术

The Relationship Between Early Buddhism and the Performing Arts

早期佛教与表演艺术的关系可以从教内和教外两个角度来加以考察。由于教内稳定的需要,早期佛教引入表演艺术用以调节僧尼在男女之情和娱乐艺术两方面的欲望。由于吸引世俗信众的需要,早期僧伽内部的诵经和面向在家信众的说法仪式中伎乐成分逐渐增加。由此揭开了佛教表演艺术发展的序幕。早期佛教表演艺术的发展主要表现在两个方面:一、僧尼参与世俗化的伎乐表演的情形愈加习见;二、供养仪式音乐的戏剧因素逐步增强。以上事实,确立了佛教的通俗化趋向,这对佛教由部派阶段发展到大乘阶段可能存在重要影响,并且也规定了许多大乘经典的形成机制。

The development of the performing arts in early Buddhism is mainly manifested in two aspects： First,more and more monks and nuns participate in the secular performing arts;Second,dramatic factors increase steadily in the buddhist ceremony.These facts establish the trend of the Buddhism popularization and provide the formation mechanism of many Mahayana Buddhist Sutras.