横向延展,“场”“面”横生——中国古代诗歌语言的空间特性试论

Lateral Extension Produces "Field"and"Surface"——On the Space Characteristics of the Language of Chinese Ancient Poetry

中国古代诗歌在语言构成上的一个重要特点是横向延展,而不同于散文和西方诗歌常见的纵向线性延伸。这使得诗歌语言成为一种"面"型语言,这种特点之所以在中国古代诗歌中表现得最为典型,根本的原因在于汉语是最不重视句子的关系框架的"流块语言";同时也与古代诗歌的题材有一定关系——模山范水客观上要求语言的横向延展,近体诗与山水诗实乃异名同体。"面"型语言的进一步发展,就形成为一种气化的语义场,成为"场"型语言。

One of the important features of Chinese ancient poetry in language form is the lateral extension,which differs from the common longitudinal linear outspread of prose and western poems.This makes the poetry language become a ＂surface＂type language,which is the most tipical features of ancient Chinese poems,and the fundamental reasons is that the Chinese language is a ＂flow block language＂ which pays the least attention to the framework of sentence the relationship.It is also related to the theme of ancient poetry： objectively describing mountains and waters in molded patterns requires lateral extension of language;modern style poems and landscape poems are different only in name in fact.The further development of ＂Surface＂ type language results in the semantic field,and becomes ＂field＂ type language.