贵州矿产资源开发中的生态补偿机制

The Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Mineral Resources Exploration of Guizhou

矿产资源开发的生态补偿问题,是"工业强省"战略的重要机制。由于现行生态补偿政策和机制不完整,环境利益及其相关经济利益在保护者、破坏者、受益者和受害者之间分配不公平。目前中国还没有一项真正以生态补偿为目的的政策设计。虽然如退耕还林、天然林保护、矿产资源税及补偿费等政策涉及到保护和恢复生态环境的相关内容,但它们被制定出来并非为生态补偿,因此没有直接的生态补偿效益。尤其像贵州这样矿产资源相对丰富的地区,没有相应的生态补偿机制,将会带来更多破坏性开采。构建贵州矿产资源开发生态补偿制度需要明确生态补偿的主体与补偿对象,确定补偿方式、补偿标准及运作模式。其中生态补偿成本核算与补偿标准的确定具有可操作性。

The ecological compensation mechanism of mineral resources exploration is an important issue related to the Strategy of ＂Enriching the Province through Industry Development＂. Due to the incompletion of current policy and mechanism, the distribution of environment benefit and economy rights often seems unfair among parties. Despite of policies such as the Grain for Green Project, the Natural Forest Protection Project and the mineral resources tax policy, there is no complete policy formulated for the purpose of ecological compensation. The absence of such mechanism will lead to more irrational extraction in resourceful provinces like Guizhou. Therefore, it is necessary to construct such system.