广西百色烟区土壤含氯状况及烟叶氯素特征研究

Monitoring the chlorine contents in tobacco leaves and tobacco-planting soils of Baise City, Guangxi

【目的】研究百色烟区土壤含氯状况及烟叶氯素特征，为指导该烟区土壤平衡施肥及优质特色烟叶开发提供依据。【方法】采用GPS定位技术，在烤烟尚未施用底肥和移栽前采集耕层20cm土样，按土壤农业化学分析方法分析土壤氮素含量特征。同时选取对应植烟地块烟叶C3F烤后样本，采用莫尔法测定其氯素含量，并对氯素营养丰缺状况进行评价。【结果】百色植烟土壤含氯量较低，平均为19．80mg／kg，且集中分布在10～30mg／kg范围；不同土壤类型氯含量依次为红壤〉黄壤〉水稻土〉石灰土，且有75％以上的土壤样本氯含量分布在10～30mg／kg范围。百色烟区烟叶含氯量平均为0．10％左右，且变异程度在30％以上；各植烟县烟叶含氯量大多处于低-缺范围，其中隆林、田林、西林、乐业4县缺乏程度高达90％以上。【结论】百色烟区土壤和烟叶含氯量均较低，不利于发展优质烤烟生产，建议加强含氯肥料施用对烤烟产量和品质的效应研究，以改善烟叶质量，提高种植效益。

[Objective]The soil and tobacco leaf samples were collected from tobacco-planting counties in Baise City, Guangxi to study the chlorine （C1） contents in tobacco-planting soils and tobacco leaves, in order to provide references for guidance of ecologically-balanced fertilization and development of high-quality and special tobacco leaves. [Method ]Technology of Global Position System （GPS） and soil chemical analysis methods were used to analyze the C1 content in soils （20 cm depth）, collected before the application of base fertilizer and transplantation. The flue cured tobacco leaves （C3F） were collected from the tobacco-planting counties for determination of C1 content. Further, the excess and deficiency of C1 content in tobacco leaves were also evaluated. [Result]The CI contents in tobacco-planting soils were relatively low with an average of 19.80 mg/ kg. The C1 contents of 75% soil samples from all tobacco-planting counties were found in the range of 10-30 mg/kg. The order of C1 content in different soil types was as follows： red soil〉yellow soil〉paddy soil〉lime soil. The C1 content in tobacco leaves was found to be low with an average of 0.10% and 30% degree of variation,and that collected from most of the tobac- co-planting counties was found to be deficient. The C1 content of 90% of tobacco leaf samples collected from Longlin, Tianlin, Xilin and Leye County was deficient. [Conclusion]The results revealed that the soils of Baise City were deficient in C1 content and not suitable for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco. In order to improve the tobacco quality and economic benefits, application of chlorine-containing fertilizers must be recommended for tobacco growing areas of Baise City.