文莱水稻生产现状及发展思路

Current status of rice production in Brunei and strategies to improve its development

【目的】调查了解文莱水稻生产概况，为进一步加强我国与文莱农业合作提供参考。【方法】通过实地调查与实地试种，探讨分析了文莱水稻生产现状及其制约因素。【结果】文莱大米主要自泰国进口，自给率仅为6％-8％，农业物资较缺乏，农业管理机构不健全；制约水稻生产的因素有基础设施不完善、田间管理粗放、发展方案未能及时制定和实施、未进行品种选育工作。文莱-中国水稻合作种植试验结果表明，5个国内品种在文莱种植生育期均比国内缩短20d，其产量和米质虽然有所下降，但产量仍比文莱本地品种高；制约文莱水稻产量的主要因素有土壤偏性、储水能力较差、排灌系统较差、病虫害较严重。【建议】提高文莱水稻生产水平的发展思路为：完善与落实水稻发展规划、健全水稻生产指导机构、加强农田水利设施建设、建立水稻生产示范基地、组织农民参加培训、选种优质高产高温型水稻品种、确保生产物资供应。

[Objective] The paper investigates the current status of rice production in Brunei in order to provide references for the further agricultural cooperation between China and Brunei. [Method ] Field investigations and the results of Brunei-China co-cultivation experiments on rice were analyzed to study the current status of rice production and main constraints limiting the rice production. [Result] Brunei imports most of the rice from Thailand and produces only 6-8% of rice consumption in Brunei. Further, the insufficient means for agricultural production and unsatisfactory role of agricultural management organization appeared to be the main constraints in Brunei. The main limiting factors for rice production in Brunei were identified as： lack of infrastructure and extensive field management, failure in timely implementation of agriculture plans, less efforts in breeding new rice varieties, etc. The Brunei-China co-cultivation experiment on rice showed that the growth period of five Chinese rice varieties, planted in Brunei, shortened by 20 days compared to their growth duration in China, and the yield and quality of these five varieties in Brunei decreased compared to their yield in China. However, their yields were found to be higher than Rruneian rice varieties. The factors responsible for decrease in rice yield were found to be the slightly acidic nature of soils and their weak water holding capacity, poorly developed irrigation and drainage system, and occurrence of serious diseases, insects, pests and birds. [Conclusion] Based on the analysis, some strategies to improve the rice production in Brunei have been suggested, which include perfection and implementation of rice development planning, improvement in agricultural management system, development of irrigation resources and water conservation, establishment of demonstration bases and provision of training to the farmers, planting of high yielding and good quality thermo-sensitive rice varieties,etc.