基于三维地理信息系统的岩层产状测量方法

Measurement Method of Strata Attitude Based on Three-Dimensional Geographic Information System

利用三维地理信息系统技术和多比例尺的国家基础地理信息数据,在计算机软硬件平台支持下,进行浅层岩层产状的测量和计算,可以用来替代传统的野外测量。该方法利用数字地面高程和高分辨率的数字正射影像图数据,建立研究区域的三维场景,在计算机辅助下实现动态实时测量各种浅层岩层产状。通过选取和测量岩层上10个以上点的三维空间坐标,并利用最小二乘法原理求解测量点所构成的拟合平面,根据拟合平面方程计算岩层产状的各个要素。该方法可通过专家可视化判别岩层产状计算的可靠性,并可通过不断修改测量点位置,经迭代计算提高岩层产状的准确性。

Three dimensional geographic information system（3D GIS） and multiple scale national fundamental geographic information data were used to survey the superficial strata attitude with the support of computer system.This method can be used to replace the traditional field survey method.So in this scene,with the digital elevation model data and high-resolution remote sensing images,the real three-dimensional geographic scene is build.We select and survey multiple points and their coordinates by means of human-computer interaction by measuring the spatial coordinate of multiple points（over 10 points） on the strata and using least square method to solve the fitting planar of these measured points,a practical method for obtaining the solution of the shallow bed attitude was making use of 3D GIS.Fitting plane equations was used to calculate each element of the rocks attitude.In order to verify the result’s accuracy,visualization is done by putting the plane into a 3D analysis scene.By this method experts can visually determine the reliability of rock occurrence,by continuously changing the location of measurement points improve the process of iterative calculation accuracy of rock occurrence.