健康教育对改善小学生哮喘防治知识和行为的效果

Effect of Health Education on Improvement of Prevention Knowledge and Behavior of Asthma among Pupils

目的在北京市顺义区哮喘儿童中实施"健康之路计划",并对实施效果进行分析。方法选择顺义区20所小学6～11岁学生统一进行问卷调查,筛查出近12个月喘息过及曾经被医生诊断过哮喘的小学生434人为研究对象,并对他们进行哮喘健康教育,在教育前和教育后分别对学生进行哮喘相关知识问卷调查。采用χ2检验比较教育前、后学生哮喘相关知识和行为改变情况。结果顺义区小学生可疑哮喘(包括哮喘)患病率为3.13%(434/13 848)。健康教育前可疑哮喘学生的哮喘知识知晓率和哮喘行为正确率不到50%。与健康教育前比较,健康教育后学生的哮喘相关知识知晓率和行为正确率明显提高,差异有统计学意义。结论该区小学生哮喘防治知识缺乏。健康教育可提高学生对哮喘的认识,有利于学生采取正确措施积极应对哮喘。建议在学校推广"健康之路计划"。

[Objective]To carry out the ＂Plan of Healthy Way＂ among asthmatic pupils in Shunyi district of Beijing,evaluate the effect of education. [Methods]The pupils aged 6~11 years in 20 primary schools in Shunyi district were screened with questionnaire,434 pupils who had wheezing in the past 12 months or had been diagnosed as asthma were given health education,and they were investigated with asthma knowledge questionnaire before and after health education.The changes of asthma knowledge and behavior before and after the health education were compared with χ2 test. [Results]The prevalence of doubtful asthma（including asthma） among pupils in Shunyi district was 3.13%（434/13 848）.Before health education,the awareness rates of asthma knowledge and correct rate of asthma behavior among asthmatic pupils were below 50%.Compare with before health education,the awareness rates of asthma knowledge and correct rate of asthma behavior among pupils after health education improved significantly. [Conclusion]The pupils in this district lacked the knowledge about asthma prevention.The health education can improve the cognition on asthma among pupils,and it is helpful to take the correct measures for asthma.It is suggested to popularize the ＂Plan of Healthy Way＂ in schools.