多音字与同形同源词关系探微

An Analysis of the Relationship Between Polyphonic Characters and Cognates With the Same Shape

多音字和同形同源词是两个不同的概念,前者着眼于共时的静态归纳,后者倾向于历时的发生分析。但二者均为一字多词,并且音义间都存在着相同相近的可能关系。经过仔细辨析可以发现,并非所有多音字都是同形同源词,但所有的同形同源词都是多音字,或者说,同形同源词与多音字中的同义多音字是外延重合的两个概念,而产生这种外延叠合的主要原因就在于词义引申。

Polyphonic characters and cognates with the same shape are two different concepts.The former focuses on the synchronic point of view of induction and the latter focuses on the origins from the perspective of duration.However they are all multi-word term and both have the possible similar relationship among the sounds and meanings.After careful discrimination,it can be found that not all multi-tone words are the cognates with the same shape but all the cognates with the same shape are multi-tone characters,or we can see the extensional overlap of cognates with the same shape and synonymous polyphone,and the main reason for this extension is the meaning composite extension.