山西省智力残疾抽样调查结果分析

Data Analysis of Sampling Survey of Intellectual Disability in Shanxi Province

目的了解山西省智力残疾的数量、发生率、结构、地区分布、致残原因、需求等。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,全省共抽取22个县(市、区),88个乡(镇、街道),共调查75016人。由经过培训的调查人员按照规定程序进行调查,并填写相关表格。结果本次调查结果显示,智力残疾人数占调查总人数的0.34%,以三、四级为主。男性以青年残疾发生率最高,女性以童年最高。青年组一、二级残疾比例大于其他年龄段。农村智力残疾发生率显著高于城市(P<0.001)。智力残疾主要致残原因是脑疾病、原因不明、遗传、惊厥性疾病、其他外伤。只有43.8%的残疾人群接受过服务和扶助情况,救助项目局限于医疗服务与救助、贫困残疾人救助与服务、康复训练与服务等少数几个方面。不同人群主要康复需求不同。结论山西省智力残疾现状较为乐观,不存在较大性别歧视。扩大残疾人群接受服务和扶助范围,根据不同人群需求提供有针对性措施以及强化农村防残治残工作是今后工作的重点。

Objective To explore the number,incidence,structure and regional distribution of intellectual disabilities,causes of disability,and needs,etc.in Shanxi province.Methods 75,016 people from 88 towns and streets of 22 cities and districts were investigated by a multi-stage sampling method in accordance with established procedures forms composed by trained investigators.Results The incidence of intellectual disability was 0.34% most of which were with grade three and four in Shanxi Province.The incidence was the highest in youth in men while highest in childhood in women.The number of grades one and two of youth was more than that of other people.Incidence of intellectual disability in rural areas was significantly higher than in urban（P0.001）.The major causes of disability were brain diseases,unknown cause,genetic,seizure disorder and other trauma.Only 43.8% of the disabled received a little services and support,including medical services and relief,poverty relief and services,rehabilitation training and services.Different people had different needs of major rehabilitation.Conclusion The situation of intellectual disabilities was hopeful in Shanxi province.There was no discrimination of gender.Expanding groups with receiving service and support,providing targeted prevention measures according to needs of different groups and strengthening rural governance residual disability were the focus for future work.