论习惯权利与中国民法典权利体系构建

The Effect of Customary Rights on Structuring the Right System of China Civil Code

习惯权利与类型化民事权利之间形成两种关系,习惯权利按权利属性可以或者不可以归入某类民事权利。对于前者可以通过枝分法或演绎法来构建民事权利体系。对于后者若某项习惯权利极具个性,既不可归入现有类型化民事权利,也与其他习惯权利无共通性,则应该设计一项兜底性条款,以保障该习惯权利虽在类型化民事权利之外,但仍涵括于民法典权利体系之内;若某项习惯权利虽无法归入现有类型化民事权利,但与其他习惯权利具有共通性,则有赖于法学家和立法者发挥其理性思维,通过归纳、抽象、提炼形成上位概念,以促成新类型的民事权利,并突破目前权利体系,构建新的民事权利体系。

There are two juridical relationships between customary rights and classified civil rights.According to the nature of right,a certain customary right can or can not be included in a category civil right.If it can,we could construct the system of civil rights though branching or deduction.If it can not and it is individualistic,it not only finds no place in a category civil right,but also has no intercommunity with other customary rights,we have to design a clause which will reveal all the details to ensure that although this customary right is outside the classified civil rights,it′s included in the right system of civil code.If it can′t,but has intercommunity with other customary rights,then depending on jurisprudential scholars and legislators′ rational thinking,to form upper seat concept and create a new type of civil right though inductive method and Abstraction,and then break though the existing system of rights in order to construct the new system of civil rights.