一起甲型病毒性肝炎暴发的流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of viral Hepatitis A

目的明确本次甲肝暴发的原因。方法采用病例对照研究方法,根据预调查结果,设计统一调查表,对14岁儿童进行调查,同时采集血清检测甲肝抗-IgM抗体,以抗HAV-IgM抗体阳性儿童为病例组,以抗HAV-IgM抗体阴性且HAV-IgG抗体阴性的儿童为对照组。将调查结果用EPIDATA软件建立数据库,并用SPSS13.0进行分析。结果本次暴发历时2个常见甲肝潜伏期,共感染20例幼儿。统计结果显示,经常去幼儿园玩耍和与首发病例共餐及经常去首发病例家玩耍为本次感染的主要危险因素(P<0.001)。结论本次为典型的人传人连续性传播,患病儿童对幼儿园玩具的污染导致甲肝病毒的播散,而儿童没有良好的卫生习惯如饭前不洗手、喝生水等是其得以发病的重要条件。

Objective To explicit the cause of this HAV outbreak.Method Using case-control study method,according to the results beforehand,designed a unified questionnaire and carried out for children under 14-years-old,meanwhile collecting their serum to detect the anti-HAV IgM.All anti-HAV IgM positive children were case group,the children with anti-HAV IgM negative and HAV-IgG negative were control group.Constructed a database with EPIDATA software and analyzed by SPSS13.0.Results 20 children were infected this disease,the epidemic curve was double peak.Analysis showed the risk factors of this disease were that often played in the kindergarten,ate and played with first case.Conclusions The outbreak of this disease was typical continuity transmit in crowd,the sicken children were infected by toys and led the HAV dissemination.The children without good health habits were contribute to the disease,for examples eat without washing one＇s hands,drink unboiled water and so on.