阶梯电价是我国电价改革的阶梯

Ladder-Type Electricity Pricing is the Ladder for China′s Electricity Price Reform

我国自改革开发以来,电价存在三大问题:一是电价水平偏低,二是电价结构严重扭曲,三是电能与其他能源的比价不合理。电价结构扭曲中最大的问题是居民生活用电价格严重偏低。实行阶梯电价的根本目的是为了建立一种居民生活电价走向合理化的机制,是对我国居民用电长期采取低电价政策的纠正和调整,也是让居民电价做到反映用电成本的合理回归。国家发改委在征求意见稿中所提出的阶梯电价第一档电量是相当高的,第一档电量占每月每户平均用电量的比重两个方案分别为22.7%和28.9%,第一档电量占每月每户平均居民生活用电量的比重分别为193.3%和246.0%,均高于对比的其他国家和地区,因此第一档电量不宜再提高。我国以现行的居民生活用电价格作为第一档电价是比较合理的,不应再降价;第二、第三档电价应提高电价水平,拉大各档之间的电价差距。通过实行居民阶梯电价政策,可以充分发挥价格杠杆的作用,促进合理、节约用电,从而有利于建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会。推行阶梯电价,使电价逐渐回归合理水平还能促进能源的合理替代,起到节能减排的作用。

There have been three major problems with domestic electricity prices since the imposition of the reform and opening up policy-excessively low electricity prices,highly distorted price structure and irrational relations between prices of electricity and other energy sources.The biggest problem with the price structure is that the electricity prices for the residential sector are too low.The ultimate purpose of introducing ladder-type electricity pricing is to set up a mechanism to rationalize electricity pricing for the residential sector,thus rectifying and adjusting the long-standing low price policy for the residential sector and allowing the electricity prices for residents to reflect electricity cost.In the two ladder-type electricity pricing schemes proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission in exposure drafts,the amounts of electricity for the first tier are very large.The shares of the amounts of electricity for the first tier in the two schemes represent 22.7% and 28.9% of the average electricity consumption per unit per month respectively and those for the first tier represent 193.3% and 246.0% of the average electricity consumption by residents per household per month,all higher than those of other countries and regions under comparison.For this reason,the electricity amount for the first tier should not be further raised.It is advisable to use the present price of electricity for the residential sector as the first-tier price and this price should not be reduced.The second and third-tier electricity prices should be higher and different tiers of prices should have a big difference.Imposing ladder-type electricity prices for the residential sector gives full play to the lever of price and can promote the rational and prudent use of electricity,which is instrumental to development of a resource-efficient and environmentally friendly society.Guiding electricity prices back to a rational level by introducing ladder-type pricing can also promote the replacement of energy in a rational manner,thus saving energy and reducing emissions.