中欧海上风电产业发展比较

A Comparison between European and Chinese Offshore Wind Power Industries

相对于陆地风能,海上风能资源丰富,发电产能大,海上风电将是最有可能大规模发展的能源资源之一。欧洲是世界发展海上风力发电的先驱,从1991年至2009年,欧洲建设完成并投入运营的共有38个海上风电场,装机容量达到2056MW,其中一半以上的海上风电场是近5年建成的。欧洲海上风电产业拥有先进的核心技术,海上风电场正朝着大规模、深水化、离岸化方向发展,目前正处于示范阶段向商业扩展阶段的过渡时期。而我国虽然拥有丰富的海上风能资源,但海上风电产业的发展却比较缓慢,目前还处于研发阶段和示范阶段的过渡期,海上风电技术仍然面临着核心技术缺失、行业标准混乱、研发能力不足等问题。我国海上风电产业发展面临的主要问题包括:缺乏统筹;产能过剩、质量不高;难以盈利;缺少标准、无法推广等。为促进我国海上风电产业的发展,政府应进一步细化海上风能开发的有关规定,完善政策体系,统筹产业发展,采取多种措施推进政策具体落实;充分发挥市场作用,构建海上风电产品认证检测体系;提升核心技术含量,提高产品技术水平和工艺水平;加快培养专业人才。

Compared with inland,the sea has richer wind resources and greater power capacity potential.Offshore wind resources are one of the energy sources with the greatest potential for massive development.Europe is the pioneer in developing offshore wind resources in power generation.From 1991 to 2009,Europe completed and put into operation 38 offshore wind farms with a combined installed generating capacity of 2056MW,over 50% of which were built in the last five years.The European offshore wind power industry has advanced core technologies.An apparent trend in Europe′s wind power industry is that the wind farms it builds are increasingly large,offshore and deep water based.The industry is now in a transition stage from demonstration to commercial application.China has rich offshore wind resources,but its offshore wind power industry has been growing slowly and is now in the transition stage from research and development to demonstration.Many technical problems remain with the industry including the lack of core technologies and unified industry standards and weak research and development capabilities.To be specific,the main problems faced by the Chinese offshore wind power industry include the lack of unified planning,surplus low-quality production capacity,weak ability to make profit,the lack of standards and difficulty in spreading wind power technologies.To promote the development of the offshore wind power industry,the government should put in place detailed regulations on the development of offshore wind resources,perfect the policy system,make unified industry development plans,take a multi-pronged approach to push the implementation of specific policies,utilize market forces to set up certification and testing systems for offshore wind power products,raise the share of core technologies in all technologies employed as well as the engineering and manufacturing levels of products,and quicken the pace of educating qualified professionals.