医务人员职业暴露情况分析及防范措施

Analysis and preventive measures of occupational exposure among medical staffs

目的：探讨医务人员职业暴露情况,制定相应的防范措施。方法：通过回顾性查阅2007~2009年度职业暴露登记本的方式,分析全院医务人员职业暴露发生及处理方法,制定相应的防范措施。结果：共发生职业暴露93人,其中2007年38人（4.44%）,2008年30人（3.09%）,2009年25人（2.35%）,呈逐年下降趋势（χ2=6.694,P〈0.05）;不同医疗职业中,职业暴露发生率差异具有显著性（χ2=37.498,P〈0.05）,以护士发生率最高（5.72%）;暴露类型以针刺伤（84.95%）最多见,暴露方式以输液后拔针（47.31%）占首位;暴露源病种以乙型肝炎（17.20%）占首位;发生职业暴露后均能正确处理伤口,无一人发生血源性感染。结论：医务人员在工作中应采取防范措施,将职业暴露风险降到最低,避免医源性感染。

Objective：To analyze the occupational exposure condition among medical staffs and to give the corresponding preventive measures.Methods：The records of 93 cases of occupational exposure were retrospectively analyzed according to the registered items from Jan.2007 to Dec.2009.Results：Among all 93 cases,there were 38 cases in 2007（4.44%）,30 in 2008（3.09%）,25 in 2009（2.35%）） respectively,showing a descending trend year by year（χ2=6.694,P0.05）.Among different medical occupations,the incidence of occupational exposure had significant difference（χ2=37.498,P0.05）.Nurse had the highest incidence（5.72%）.The stab wound by needles was the most common type of the occupational exposure to blood source（84.95%）,and most appeared at needle extraction after transfusion（47.31%）.For pathogens of source of exposure,HB virus was the most common（17.20%）.After occupational exposure,all suspects could deal the wound correctly,and no one got infection.Conclusion：In routine work,correct prevention taken by medical staffs can effectively cut down the risk of occupational exposure and prevent medical staff from getting nosocomial infection.