什么是农民,什么是土地——农民分化视野下的土地问题

Peasant and Land:Land Issues under the Differentiation of Peasants

本文简单梳理了近百年农民由分化到齐平再到分化的生存状态,并根据在豫南周村的调研资料详细探讨了当下农民的分化情况。本文将当下农民划分为"纯务农农民"、"半工半农农民"和"非农农民","非农农民"又可分为"常年在外务工农民"和"在外经商农民",这四类农民对土地的依赖依次降低,因此在相关土地制度设计时要予以考虑,要保障占农民绝大多数的纯务农农民和半工半农农民的根本利益。

This paper briefly reviews peasants＇ living situation from the differentiation to the same;then to the differentiation again in the past century.According to the survey of Zhou village in the south Henan province,the author discusses in detail the present situation of peasants＇ differentiation i.e.contemporary peasants are divided into ＂pure farming peasants＂,＂farming-working peasants＂ and ＂non-farming peasants＂ who can also be divided into ＂pure working peasants＂ and ＂business peasants＂.The dependence on land of these four types of peasants lower in turn.Therefore,this social classification should be taken into account when relevant land systems are designed：policy makers should protect the fundamental interests of the vast majority of peasants i.e.the ＂pure farming peasants＂ and the ＂farming-working peasants＂ in sum.